Muna 2010, Geim naNovaselov vakakunda mubairo weNobel mufizikisi kune basa ravo paGriphene. Mubayiro uyu wakasiya pfungwa dzakadzama kuvanhu vazhinji. Mushure mezvose, kwete yega yega nhepfenyuro yekuedza yekuedza yakajairika seyakajairwa tepi, uye kwete zvese zvekutsvagisa zvinhu zvakaringana uye zviri nyore kunzwisisa se "maviri-emakristental Crystal" Griphene. Basa muna 2004 rinogona kupihwa muna 2010, risingawanzo mugwaro reNobel mubairo wemakore apfuura.
Griphene rudzi rwechinhu chine denderedzwa rimwechete maatomu maatomu akaronga kuti ive mbiri-dimensional honeycomb hexagonal lattice. SaDiamondi, graphite, Fullerene, kabhoni Nanotubes uye Amorphous kabhoni, chinhu chinhu (chinhu chakareruka) chakaumbwa chekaroni zvinhu. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo pazasi, zvizere uye kabhoni Nanotubes inogona kuoneka sekukanda mune imwe nzira kubva kune imwe nzira yeGriphene yeGriphene yeGriphene yeGriphene yeGriphene yeGriphene. Kutsvaga kwetsananguro kushandiswa kweGriphene kurondedzera zvivakwa zvecaron zvakareruka (graphite naGorphes uye graphene zvinhu, zvinhu zvevakangoita zviyero zviviri zvakadai zvakaoma. Ingosungirirwa kune matatu-matatu-dimensi Substrate pamusoro kana mukati medu zvinhu senge graphi. Yakanga isiri kusvika 2004 iyo lead geim uye mudzidzi wake Konstantin novolov akabvisa imwe denderedzwa reGriphene kubva kuFrafite kuburikidza nekuedza kuti kutsvagurudza kwakawana kukura kutsva.
Zvese zvizere (kuruboshwe) uye carbon Nanotube (yepakati) inogona kutorwa seyakagadziriswa neyakagadziriswa neyakawona
Mazuva ano, Graphene inogona kuwanikwa munzira dzakawanda, uye nzira dzakasiyana dzine mikana yavo uye zvakaringana. Geim uye NovoSlov akawana Griphene nenzira yakapusa. Uchishandisa tepi yepaipi inowanikwa mumatare, dzakabvisa Graphene, pepa graphite rine chete denderedzwa maatomu, kubva pane yakakwirira-yekuraira pyrolytic graphite. Izvi zvakaringana, asi kudzikisira hakuna kunaka, uye kuronga kwehukuru hwechishoma microons (chimwe chegumi chemamirimita) zvinogona chete kuwanikwa, asi zvakaoma kushandiswa kune zvinoshanda zvikumbiro. Chemical Vapor Deposition inogona kukura grapheene samples nehukuru hwemakumi emasendi emasendimita pane yesimbi. Kunyangwe iyo nzvimbo ine kutarisisa inotarisisa ingori chete macorns chete [34], yave yakakodzera kuti zvido zvekugadzira zvimwe zvekushandisa. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekupisa iyo silicon carbide (SIC) Crystal kune anopfuura 1100 ℃ muApps neSilmon, uye maatomu akasara anodzorwa, ayo anogona zvakare kuwana magiramu egriphene aine zvinhu zvakanaka.
Grapheye chinhu chitsva chine mwero matsva nezvinhu zvakasarudzika: Magetsi aro maitiro akanakisa semhangura, uye yayo yekubatanidza iri nani pane chero chinozivikanwa. Iyo inoonekera kwazvo. Chikamu chidiki chete (2,3%) chechiitiko chechiitiko chakaonekwa chinowanzoiswa nechiedza cheGriphene, uye mazhinji echiedza achapfuura. Izvo zvakaringana zvekuti kunyange helium maatomu (madiki madiki mamaira emamolekyudhi) haagone kupfuura. Izvi zvemashiripiti zvivakwa hazvina nhaka zvakananga kubva kugirazi, asi kubva kuQuentum mechanics. Zvivakwa zvacho zvakasarudzika uye zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvinosarudza kuti zvine tariro yekushandisa.
Kunyangwe Grapheye akangooneka kweanopfuura makore gumi, akaratidza zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi, izvo zvisingawanzoitika muminda yefizikiki uye sainzi yezvinhu. Zvinotora anopfuura makore gumi kana kunyange makumi emakore zvinhu zvakajairika kuti ubve kubva kuLaboratori kwehupenyu chaihwo. Ndeipi kushandiswa kweGriphene? Ngatitarisei mienzaniso miviri.
Yakapfava yakajeka electrode
Mumidziyo yakawanda yemagetsi, zvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvinodaidzira zvinoda kushandiswa se electrodes. Magetsi anotarisa, Converters, terevhizheni, Liquid crystals, kubata skrini, masoera emwenje uye mamwe madhiri mazhinji haakwanisi kusiya kuvepo kwezvinhu zvakajeka. Iyo tsika yakajeka electrode inoshandisa indium tin oxide (ito). Nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira uye kushoma kwendudziro yeNdiamu, zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa uye kushomeka kwekushanduka, uye electrode inoda kuiswa mumidimbu yepakati yevacuum, uye mutengo wakakwira. Kwenguva yakareba, masayendisiti anga achiedza kutsvaga chitsauko. Pamusoro pezvinodiwa zveTranspency, Kubata kwakanaka uye kugadzirira kuri nyore, kana chishandiso chechinyorwa icho chakanaka, chinofanira kuve chakakodzera kugadzira "mapepa emagetsi" kana mamwe mashiripiti ekuratidzira. Naizvozvo, kuchinjika zvakare kwakakosha. Grapheene zvinhu zvakadaro, izvo zvakakodzera kwazvo kune elederodel elederode efalekitori.
Vatsvagiri kubva kuSamsung uye Chengjunguan University muSouth Korea vakawana goagonel yegumi nemakemikari Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo pazasi, graphene yakakura pamhapu yemhangura ichisungwa neThepi yeThepi (yebhuruu inowoneka. .
New photoelectric induction zvishandiso
Grapheene ine yakasarudzika mamiriro ekunze. Kunyangwe paine chete denderedzwa emaatomu, inogona kutora 2.3% yeiyo yakabuda mwenje mune yakazara wave levetht kubva kune inoonekwa pachena kuti isingaonekwe. Iyi nhamba haina chekuita nezvimwe zvinhu zvekushandisa zveGriphene uye inotarwa neVanhulum Electrodynamics [6]. Chiedza chakabatikana chinotungamira kuchizvarwa chevatakuri (elecrons nemakomba). Chizvarwa uye kutakurwa kwevatakuri muGriphene vakasiyana kwazvo neavo vari mumene semiconductors). Izvi zvinoita kuti grapheene yakakodzera kwazvo yeiyo Ultrafhter phyelelectric induction Equipment. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti yakadaro fotolectric induction zvishandiso zvinogona kushanda kuFrequency ye 500GHZ. Kana ikashandiswa kutapurirana, inogona kuendesa mabhiriyoni mazana mashanu emabhiriyoni kana imwe chete yechipiri, uye zadzisa kutapurirana kwezvinhu zvevakarumboana miviri yeBlu ray mune imwe yechipiri.
Nyanzvi dzinobva kuIBM Thomas J. Watson Research J. Watson Research Center muUnited States dzashandisa Griphene kuti agadzire Photowele Indiction Chekutanga, graphene maruva akagadzirira pane silicon substrate yakafukidzwa ne 300 nm thick silica ne "tepi yekubvarura nzira", uye ipapo goridhe kana titanium egoridhe e2 micron uye upamhi hwe 250 nm zvakaitwa pairi. Nenzira iyi, graphene yakavakirwa fotolectric induction mudziyo inowanikwa.
Schematic Diagram yeGriphene Phytelectric Indiction Equipment uye Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) mapikicha echokwadi samples. Mutsara wetsara wakapfupika muchimiro unoenderana nemakironi mashanu, uye chinhambwe pakati pemitsetse yesimbi ndeye micron imwe.
Kuburikidza nekuedzwa, vaongorori vakawana kuti iyi simbi graphene simbi yekugadzira Photoelectric induction of 16ghz zvakanyanya kubva 300 (pedyo neyakajairika) kusvika 6 micron (infrared), nepo Iyo yechinyakare photolectric induction tube haigone kupindura kune infrared mwenje neyese refu wavelength. Iyo yekushanda frequency yeGriphene Photoelectric Induction Equipment ichine nzvimbo huru yekuvandudza. Kuita kwaro kwakakwirira kunoita kuti ive neyakawandisa yezvinhu zvishandiso, kusanganisira kutaurirana, kure kudzora uye kutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Sechinyorwa chitsva chine zvivakwa zvakasarudzika, kutsvagurudza kwemashandisirwo eGriphene kuri kubuda mushure meimwe. Zvakatiomera kuti tigovanongedze pano. Mune ramangwana, panogona kunge paine mabandi emunda akagadzirwa neGriphene uye molecular demactors akagadzirwa neGripiy
Tinogona kutarisira kuti huwandu hukuru hwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi uchishandisa Griphene ichaonekwa munguva yemberi. Funga nezve kuti zvinonakidza sei kana matsimba edu uye metbook anogona kukweshwa nenzeve dzedu, dzakarongedzwa muhomwe dzedu, kana kuputirwa nemaoko edu kana asingashandisi.
Kutumira Nguva: Mar-09-2022